The latest in peptide science, research updates, and educational resources
Retatrutide adds glucagon receptor agonism to the GIP/GLP-1 pairing. That third arm changes the mechanism in a way worth understanding before you design around it.
Tirzepatide pairs GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonism. The GIP half is the part the literature still argues about — and the argument is more interesting than the consensus.
NAD+ sits at the centre of cellular energy metabolism and declines with age. Raising it is harder than it sounds, and the reason is a good lesson in bioavailability.
GHK-Cu is a three-amino-acid peptide bound to a copper ion. The peptide alone behaves differently from the complex, and that distinction runs through the whole literature.
MOTS-c is encoded in mitochondrial DNA, not nuclear DNA. That origin is not trivia — it reframes what mitochondria are understood to do.
Tesamorelin is a GHRH analog. It prompts the pituitary to release growth hormone rather than supplying growth hormone directly, and that difference has real consequences.
Reconstitution is simple to do and easy to do badly. The common errors are mechanical, not chemical, and every one of them is avoidable.
Four things degrade peptides — temperature, moisture, light and freeze-thaw cycling. Understanding which one you are fighting tells you what to do about it.